A new natural red-purple azulene-type pigment, 1,1,6-trimethylazuleno[1,8-cd]pyran-3(1H)-one, named oreolactone (1), together with nine known compounds, scopoletin (2), pomolic acid (3), friedelin (4), 3 beta-friedelinol (5), 3 alpha-friedelinol (6), stigmast-4-en-3-one (7), stigmast-4, 22-dien-3-one (8), beta-sitosterol (9), and daucosterol (10), was isolated from the rhizomes of Oreocnide frutescens. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.